Archive / Bakken Phases

Bakken Phases

Marius Bakken’s model: drive the lactate threshold as high as possible by accumulating large volumes of controlled threshold work at 2–3 mmol/L, supported by easy mileage. The weekly template is flat; the year adapts through altitude blocks.

Athletes & CoachesMarius Bakken · Norwegian ModelUpdated 2026-05-15
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Lactate-controlled intensity

Measure lactate per session — not just pace or HR. Target 2.0–3.0 mmol/L for threshold work, not the traditional 4.0 mmol/L. Slightly slower; dramatically more volume.

Double threshold

Two threshold sessions per day, 3–5 hours apart, twice per week. Morning: long intervals (6–10 min). Afternoon: short, faster intervals (45s/15s, 400m reps). Hours of rest let muscle tone reset between sessions.

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Threshold is the driver

Easy volume supports threshold — it is not the goal. The 80/20 distribution seen at 180 km/wk is an emergent ratio, not a prescription. For mature athletes, quality can rise to 50%+ while total volume drops.

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The Year

Bakken’s mature structure is not a classical mesocycle sequence. It is a flat weekly template that adapts through altitude blocks — the session types don’t change, the volume and intensity mix shifts. Below is the seasonal character of each period, not a strict periodization model.

Winter / Base
~26 wk
Spring / Build
~13 wk
Summer / Comp
~10 wk
Taper
~2 wk
Winter / Base
160–230 km/wk · 4 threshold sessions (2× double-threshold) · 1× X element · Maximize threshold volume
Spring / Build
~160–180 km/wk · Introduce 300–400m track work at 6–8 mmol · Maintain threshold base
Summer / Competition
~160 km/wk · Shift to single threshold sessions · Race-specific work replaces double-threshold days
Taper (2 weeks)
Volume −50% · Intensity unchanged · Standardized threshold 2 days before race · 1000m diagnostic 4 days before
Career Arc — Where You Are Changes Everything

The year above describes Bakken’s pro-era training. How much of it applies to you depends on where you sit on the maturity ladder.

New runner
Easy volume is the primary driver. Z1/Z2 builds the aerobic infrastructure. Threshold is layered on cautiously.
Developing
2–3 years of consistent running. Threshold work can grow. Double-threshold days become productive.
Established
Deep base accumulated. Threshold is the primary driver. Easy volume can be reduced without losing aerobic capacity.
Mature / Quality
Bakken’s retirement template. 3 quality sessions/wk. Easy volume near zero. Decades of base are self-sustaining.
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The Race Build — 100-Day Marathon Plan

Bakken’s marathon program is a Kenyan-Italian hybrid: Italian negative periodization (step from 5K focus up to marathon-specific work) plus Kenyan intensity precision (never harder than 10K pace). Four phases across 15 weeks.

Intro
Wk 1–2
Development
Wk 3–6
Specifics · “The Core”
Wk 7–13
Taper
Wk 14–15
1. Introduction (Wk 1–2)
Short fast intervals — 45s/15s, 1-min reps. Neuromuscular priming. “Wake up the system before any volume push.”
2. Development (Wk 3–6)
VO₂max work (5K/10K pace) → progression to threshold (HM pace). Italian principle: build ceiling before marathon-specific work.
3. Specifics — The Core (Wk 7–13)
Long runs with marathon-pace segments + extended threshold. Aerobic ceiling and marathon fluency converge. The bulk of race-specific adaptation lives here.
4. Taper & Race (Wk 14–15)
Volume −50%. Intensity unchanged. Standardized threshold 2 days before race. 1000m diagnostic 4 days before to confirm readiness.
Microcycle Blocks — Within Each Phase

Within each phase, training can be structured as 10–14 day intensive blocks followed by a 7-day lighter period. For athletes using altitude, short 7–14 day altitude trips concentrate threshold work before a recovery week.

Easy
AM+PM Threshold
Easy
AM+PM Threshold
Easy
X element
Long easy
Easy
Threshold
⚡ Peak

Post-altitude performance peaks typically arrive on days 10–11 and 14 after arriving home. Secondary peak around days 17–20. Bakken found his personal response curve was identical race after race.

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A Typical Week — Per Phase

Select a phase to see a representative Mon–Sun structure. All intensity is lactate-targeted. The double-threshold day (Tue/Thu in the Core phase) is the signature session structure.

Mon
Easy run
45–55 min
Tue
4×10 min AM + 8×1 km PM
AM long; PM race-specific
2.3–3.0 mmol
Wed
Easy run
40 min
Thu
Marathon-pace long run
16–20 km with pace segments
2.0–2.5 mmol
Fri
Easy run
40 min
Sat
Extended threshold
5 × 5 min with 2-min float
2.5–3.0 mmol
Sun
Long easy run
70–90 min

Volumes are illustrative for a recreational athlete (3:30–4:00 marathon target). Pro-era canonical week at 180 km/wk shifts Tuesday and Thursday to 6×2000m AM + 20–25×400m PM and 4×10min AM + 10–12×1000m PM respectively.

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A Single Session — The Double-Threshold Day

Bakken’s signature: two threshold sessions in one day, 3–5 hours apart. The gap lets muscle tone reset without full recovery. The AM session accumulates aerobic volume; the PM session layers faster work on a pre-fatigued system — maximizing total threshold stimulus without overshooting lactate.

Illustrative lactate curve — a Core-phase double-threshold day
AM: 4×10 min @ 2.3–2.7 mmol/L · 3–5 hr rest · PM: 10×1 km @ 2.8–3.0 mmol/L
AM SESSION3–5 HR RESTPM SESSION2.50123450m60m120m180m240mLactate mmol/L
AM session logic

Longer intervals at the lower end of threshold (2.0–2.5 mmol/L). Builds volume without pre-fatiguing the afternoon.

Rest window

3–5 hours. Lactate clears; muscle tension drops. Heart rate ready to rise again. 4–10 hrs all produce similar results.

PM session logic

Shorter, faster intervals (45/15s, 1 km reps) at the upper threshold (2.8–3.0 mmol/L). Pre-fatigue from AM amplifies aerobic stress at lower absolute speed.

Bakken’s 5 Lactate Zones
Zone 1 — Easy< 1.5 mmol/L59–74% VO₂max
Recovery runs. Below 70% HRmax.
Zone 2 — Aerobic1.5–2.0 mmol/L75–82%
Recovery between threshold intervals (floating).
Zone 3 — Threshold2.0–3.0 mmol/L83–88%
Primary training zone. All double-threshold work targets here.
Zone 4 — Track3.0–8.0 mmol/L95–100%
X element / VO₂max. One session per week maximum.
Zone 5 — Lactic> 8.0 mmol/L>100%
Very occasional. Race-specific only.

Key difference from Daniels/traditional: Bakken’s threshold targets 2–3 mmol/L, not the standard 4 mmol/L. The pace is slightly slower — but the zone is wider and can be sustained for vastly higher volume. Better athletes typically have lower lactate at the same pace as their base deepens.

Sources
Bakken, M. — The Norwegian Model. mariusbakken.com.
Bakken, M. — Norwegian Model Revisited. mariusbakken.com.
Bakken, M. — Kenyan Training: A Practical Guide. mariusbakken.com.
Running Writings — Marius Bakken on Double Threshold Training (interview), Sept 2024. runningwritings.com.
100daymarathon.com — 100-Day Marathon Plan. 2024.
Mujika, I. (2010) — Intense Training: The Key to Optimal Performance Before and During the Taper. Scand J Med Sci Sports.